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第一行代码之网络

《第一行代码》第2版思维导图及所有学习笔记目录

WebView

WebView控件使用十分简单:

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# 布局
<WebView />

# 应用
webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); // 设置浏览器属性,支持JavaScript脚本
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient());//目标网页在当前WebView中显示,而不打开系统浏览器
webView.loadUrl("http://huaqianlee.github.io");

# 权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

HTTP协议

HttpURLConnection

获取实例:

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URL url = new URL("http://huaqianlee.github.io");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

设置HTTP请求所使用的方法:GET或POST。

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connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

其它定制:

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connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);// ms
...

读取服务器返回的输入流:

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InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();

关闭HTTP连接:

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connection.disconnect();

提交数据:

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conneciton.setRequestMethod("POST");
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.writeBytes("username=admin&password=123456");
//数据之间用“&”隔开

OkHttp

OkHttp项目地址:https://github.com/square/okhttp

下载:

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# Gradle: app/build.gradle
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.7.0'

用法:

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# 创建实例
OKHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

# 创建Request对象,build()之前可以定制Request对象
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("http://huaqianlee.github.io")
.build();

# 创建Call对象,response为服务器返回的数据
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();

# 获取具体内容
String responseData = response.body().string();

# 如果发起POST请求,需先构建Body对象存储提交的参数
RequestBody requestBOdy = new FormBody.Builder()
.add("username","admin")
.add("password","123456")
.build();

# 创建Request对象
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("http://huaqianlee.github.io")
.post(requestBody)
.build();
# 其余就和上面GET请求一样了

解析XML格式数据

假设服务器有如下一段xml:

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<apps>
<app>
<id>1</id>
<name>Google Maps</name>
<version>1.0</version>
</app>
...
</apps>

Pull解析方式

获取到网页字符数据后,解析方法如下:

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XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
/*设入需要解析的服务器数据*/
xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName(); //获取当前节点名
switch (eventType) {
// 开始解析某个结点
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: {
if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
} ...
break;
}
// 完成解析某个结点
case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: {
if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
// 完成一个节点解析,要做什么代码写在这
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
}

SAX解析方式

新建一个继承于DefaultHandler的子类,并重写5个方法,如下:

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public class ContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {

private String nodeName;

private StringBuilder id;

private StringBuilder name;

private StringBuilder version;

@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
id = new StringBuilder();
name = new StringBuilder();
version = new StringBuilder();
}

@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
// 记录当前结点名
nodeName = localName;
}

@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
// 根据当前的结点名判断将内容添加到哪一个StringBuilder对象中
if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
id.append(ch, start, length);
} else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
name.append(ch, start, length);
} else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
version.append(ch, start, length);
}
}

@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
if ("app".equals(localName)) {
/*解析出来带换行符,所以调用trim()去掉*/
Log.d("ContentHandler", "id is " + id.toString().trim());
...
// 最后要将StringBuilder清空掉
id.setLength(0);
name.setLength(0);
version.setLength(0);
}
}

@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
super.endDocument();
}

}

解析代码:

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try {
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
XMLReader xmlReader = factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
ContentHandler handler = new ContentHandler();
// 将ContentHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中
xmlReader.setContentHandler(handler);
// 开始执行解析
xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlData)));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

解析JSON格式数据

假设服务器有如下JSON数据:

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[{"id":"5","name":"Google Map","version":"1.0"},...]

使用JSONObject

获取到字符数据后,解析方式如下:

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/*将服务器的JSON数组传入JSONArray*/
JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData);
for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
String version = jsonObject.getString("version");
...
}

使用GSON

加入依赖:

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compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.7'

基本用法:

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# json 数据
{"name":"Tom","age":"20"}

# 解析
Gson gson = new Gson();
Person person = gson.fromJson(jsonData, Person.class);

# 数组内容解析:
List<Person> people = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<Person>>(){}.getType());

示例:

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# 首先需要新建个App类

# 解析
Gson gson = new Gson();
List<App> appList = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<App>>() {}.getType());
for (App app : appList) {
Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + app.getId());
...
}

封装网络请求

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# HTTP方式首先得新建一个回调接口
interface HttpCallbackListener {
void onFinish(String s);
void onError(Exception e);
}

# 封装
public class HttpUtil {

public static void sendHttpRequest(final String address, final HttpCallbackListener listener) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(address);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(line);
}
if (listener != null) {
// 回调onFinish()方法
listener.onFinish(response.toString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (listener != null) {
// 回调onError()方法
listener.onError(e);
}
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
}
}
}).start();
}

public static void sendOkHttpRequest(final String address, final okhttp3.Callback callback) {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(address)
.build();
client.newCall(request).enqueue(callback);
}
}

# 调用
HttpUtil.sendHttpRequest("http://huaqianlee.github.io", new HttpCallbackListener() {
@Override
public void onFinish(String s) {

}

@Override
public void onError(Exception e) {

}
});

HttpUtil.sendOkHttprequest("http://huaqinalee.github.io", new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

}

@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
String data = response.body().string();
}
});

示例源码

整个示例源码的地址:
示例源码地址