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detached HEAD is a common situation, sometimes useful, sometimes dangerous. It doesn’t point to any branches, so it will be cleaned by git.

The current commit history is as follows:

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$ git log --oneline --all --graph
* 5ea3cec (HEAD -> master) Modify README.md of src
* 2b6e826 Same file, same blob
* 1ff08f2 Modify README.md.
* 8c19a38 Add Copyright notice.
* 318c11a Copy css to lib.
| * 1134f9e (dev) Make graph more readability
| * 71c40d3 Modify README.md in dev branch.
|/
* ce4297f Add image.
| * 2cb23ac (dev-1.0) README for dev-1.0 branch.
|/
* 6fc4b44 (tag: kikoff_tag) Copy doc README.md
* 726c6c0 Add source README.md
* c8ff9c5 Add README
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.git directory acts a major role in git VCS. We can do local verson management directly depended on .git directory. I will parse .git in current topic.

Directory tree

First, I created a project and managed it through git, its directory tree is as follows:

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.
├── doc
│   └── README.md
├── .git
│   ├── COMMIT_EDITMSG
│   ├── config
│   ├── description
│   ├── HEAD
│   ├── hooks
│   │   ├── applypatch-msg.sample
│   │   ├── commit-msg.sample
│   │   ├── fsmonitor-watchman.sample
│   │   ├── post-update.sample
│   │   ├── pre-applypatch.sample
│   │   ├── pre-commit.sample
│   │   ├── prepare-commit-msg.sample
│   │   ├── pre-push.sample
│   │   ├── pre-rebase.sample
│   │   ├── pre-receive.sample
│   │   └── update.sample
│   ├── index
│   ├── info
│   │   └── exclude
│   ├── logs
│   │   ├── HEAD
│   │   └── refs
│   │       └── heads
│   │           ├── dev
│   │           ├── dev-1.0
│   │           └── master
│   ├── objects
│   │   ├── 02
│   │   │   ├── 40351d75b3f451e0ec4b399c38c3758f007152
│   │   │   └── d8eae705ebf203142fd2f381d3b216dde2b28f
|   |   |...
│   │   ├── c8
│   │   │   └── ff9c55ce2651d8380a14bee5b43b37e14fa7fc
│   │   ├── f0
│   │   │   └── 45488f3fa9a350ac01f48f2b000fe51a53f5aa
│   │   ├── info
│   │   └── pack
│   ├── ORIG_HEAD
│   └── refs
│       ├── heads
│       │   ├── dev
│       │   ├── dev-1.0
│       │   └── master
│       └── tags
│           └── kikoff_tag
├── img
│   └── check.png
├── lib
│   └── css_practice_1.html
├── README.md
└── src
    └── README.md
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Command Interface

We can enter command interface via the following ways.

  1. Excute init 3 with root.

    init run at runlevel 3.

  2. Hotkey: Ctrl + ALt + F1/2/3/…

init

init is the first process, it is Commonly located on /sbin/init, if kernel can’t find init, it will try to run /bin/sh, if the operation fails , the OS will fail to start successfully.

init has 7 runlevels, we can check the default runlevel and runlevels in /etc/inittab. As follows:

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# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:
#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#   1 - Single user mode(root)
#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
#   3 - Full multiuser mode(standard runlevel)
#   4 - unused(secure mode)
#   5 - X11(user interface)
#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#
id:5:initdefault:

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最近越发的觉得自己的基础不牢，好像懂得很多，但是一深入探究就会发现自己有太多的知识盲区。